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Black fly adult female head (Simulium hippovorum)

Image Number: 26518B

Caption:

Black fly adult female head (Simulium hippovorum). Simulium hippovorum is a blood-sucking insect closely related to mosquitoes. The head possesses two compound eyes, short segmented antennae and skin piercing mouthparts. Note the split compound eye (holotypic) possesses two sizes of ommatidia. Black flies are considered a human pest in some areas of the US and Canada. Adult females of certain species are fierce biters, whereas others are strictly a nuisance by their presence around exposed skin areas. Female black flies feed on blood; males feed mainly on nectar. Adult black fly females lay their eggs in slow moving waters. Larvae emerge from eggs and attach themselves to aquatic vegetation and rocks. Most black fly larvae are filter feeders. A head fan sweeps food material into the mouth. Larvae pass through six stages before reaching the pupal stage, the nymph stage being a distinctive larval stage. Pupae are encased in a silk cocoon attached to vegetation or other objects in the water. Adults emerge from the pupal case through a slit and float to the surface on a bubble of air. Black flies can transmit filarial worms to humans resulting in a disease called onchocerciasis, which cause blindness. They may also bepotential transmitters of encephalitis.

Keywords:

| 26518B antenna antennae black fly blackfly buffalo gnat buffalo gnats compound eye fly holotypic eye human disease human pest insect insect vector insects invertebrate invertebrates mouthparts ommatidia ommatidium onchocerciasis SEM Simulium Simulium hippovorum split eye turkey gnat turkey gnats arthropod arthropods 10.01.07 |

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