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Bacillus subtilis - spore forming, rod prokaryote (bacterium)

Image Number: 261306D

Caption:

Bacillus subtilis - Gram-positive, aerobic, spore forming, rod prokaryote. Bacillus subtilis is commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. During nutrient deficiency or adverse environmental conditions it can form endospores / spores (resting cells, seen here as bulbous rods). These spores have a very thick cell wall and can survive for long periods of time being resistant to heat, acid and salt. They may germinate under favorable conditions to form the vegetative, rod shaped cells (bacilli). B. subtilis is not considered a human pathogen but it sometimes is pathogenic, causing severe eye infections such as iridocyclitis and panopthalmitis. Several strains related to B. subtilis are used in the commercial production of extracellular enzymes. Other strains produce insect toxins, peptide antibiotics and antifungals, some of which have been used in agricultural crop protection. B. subtilis has can be genetically manipulated, and has become widely used as a model organism for laboratory studies. It also produces the proteolytic enzyme called subtilisin which has been shown to be a potential cure for certain types of cancer.

Keywords:

| 261306D 03.01.07 aerobe aerobic antibiotic antifungal antifungals bacilli bacillus Bacillus subtilis bacteria decaying organic matter dividing division endospore-forming endospore forming endospore endospores endospore bacterium endospore bacteria extracellular enzyme extracellular enzymes extreme environment extremophilic eye infection genetic manipulation genetic studies genetically engineered Gram-positive Gram positive hay bacillus human disease human infection human pathogen insect toxin insect toxins iridocyclitis model organism organic matter panopthalmitis peptide antibiotic peptide antibiotics prokaryote rod-shaped bacterium rod shaped bacterium SEM soil bacteria soil bacterium soil microbe soil organism spore-forming spore forming vegetative rod vegetative rods vegetative stage resistant spore resistant spores resistant endospore resistant endospores heat resistant heat resistant spore heat resistant endospore cancer cure proteolytic enzyme proteolytic enzymes cure for cancer subtilisin |

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